Diabetic sugar is a scourge of the 21st century.This endocrine pancreatic disease leads to damage to all organs.Most of all, the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - dependent on insulin and insulting.The first species is more likely to suffer from children and young people under 30, he is transmitted by genes through inheritance.In this case, one cannot achieve the desired standard of living without constantly introducing insulins.The insulin pump is best handled with this task.Type 2 diabetes are found in medium and elderly people with increased weight.
In this article, we will look at the differences between diabetes from type 1 and type 2.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.It is a peptide hormone of the pancreas made from special beta cells on the islands of Langgana.Its main function is to provide glucose entering the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but is not able to enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple based on the determination of glucose in the blood.By raising its level you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is called insulin-dependent.
The reasons for the destruction of insulin cells are not very well studied.The most common mechanism for autoimmune lesion is found when their own immune cells attack the pancreas.All life will be destroyed throughout life.The only method of treatment is insulin replacement therapy.
Diabetes types are easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to manifest itself at an early age.The greater part of the patients have been detected up to 30 years.The disease debuts sharply, serious symptoms develop in a short time.The cases are not rare when diabetes of the first type is manifested in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- unbearable thirst;
- increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- Improved urination, including at night;
- pronounced weight loss;
- itching of the skin;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- Seeing vision.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes
It occurs with a constant high administration of glucose in the body.In the greater part of the cases, it develops in patients with obesity.The mechanism of the disease is different, the cells of the body either do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism, which occurs during obesity.
For a long time the disease does not appear.Then patients have symptoms -for a long time without the treatment of wounds and cuts, dry mouth, visual impairment, long -standing thrush.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous in severe complications:
- Visual violation to blindness;
- reduction of renal function;
- development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to the heart muscle;
- Common and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide as excess glucose affects the blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common in diabetes 1 and 2 species.
We looked at the differences between 1st and the second type of diabetes.What is common between these diseases?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of blood glucose.Usually this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetic sugar is diagnosed when glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/l.The intermediate result is not considered as a disease.Increasing sugar sometimes with colds, injuries, stressful situations, discrepancy of the patient with the test rules, taking some medicines.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis in a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose, other diagnostic methods are used:
- Determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- Determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of C-peptide.
In scientific centers, to distinguish the types of diabetes with each other, in contradictory cases, they use the identification of genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between 1st and 2 diabetes type
The beginning of diabetes
Diabetes species differ at the onset of the disease.Hereditary diabetes develops suddenly in young and thin people, it continues strongly, requires emergency care.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in the elderly people with excess body weight does not require emergency intervention.
Insulin
It is necessary to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The difference in their treatment is huge.
The treatment of insulin -dependent type is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications, live with properly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study in special schools in diabetes to study their illness, to learn how to live completely.
The approach to the therapy of acquired diabetes is completely different.Only with prolonged severe type 2 diabetes, after using the entire arsenal of tablets, diabetics are prescribed insulins.
In the modern world, diabetes is not condemned, patients live at old age, they can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very wide.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After discarding, the diabetic itself controls its diet, the level of injections with glycemia and insulin.You should not limit yourself to food.The dose of the drug should match the amount of glucose in the food.There are units of bread to measure it.This is a measurement of sugar content in various types of food.In accordance with the number of bread eating, the patient should inject the equivalent dose of insulin to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of diabetes of the second type, the main focus is on proper nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat sweet, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some cereals.If blood sugar is not achieved by changing the diet, sugar -lowering drugs are prescribed.
Identifying congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in lifestyle.The patient is now bound by a vital dose of insulin.The refusal of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent diabetes of the first type.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, abuse of sweet leads to the disease.